SALT LAKE CITY — In one sense, Utah’s big multi-level marketers (MLM’s) make it easy to see how many people earn a good living as distributors. Each posts a breakdown of their earning structure with numbers and percentages. But they’ll distinguish between people who they say are “active” and those who are not, then they tell you what percentage of active distributors earn a certain income.
USANA
We used USANA’s 2014 Earnings Disclosure because it was the most straightforward document we read from the three major Utah MLM’s we profiled (the other two being doTerra and Nu Skin.)
That being said, the numbers available online were outdated (from 2011) until FOX 13 asked if they had newer numbers. Now the updated document is here: https://www.usana.com/static/images/na/Business/Forms/AverageIncomeChart-USEN.pdf
For our comparison to pro baseball we took figures from the NCAA: https://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Probability-of-going-pro-methodology_Update2013.pdf
You may notice we are generous to USANA by saying high school baseball players have double the odds of making the pros.
A note on the math:
You may remember from math class the difference between mean (average) and median (middle). You’ll notice in the MLM earnings disclosures they use “average” income.
You’re math teacher would object.
Imagine a scenario where you want to give someone a realistic expectation of what they might earn at a company where the owner makes a million dollars a year and 100 workers each make $10,000 a year.
The average of all of those incomes is $19,800.
The median is simply lining up all 101 incomes by amount and taking the middle number.
That’s $10,000, a far better estimate of likely earnings.
doTerra
For our second story, we had a bigger mathematical challenge. DoTerra’s 2014 reported numbers jump from rough estimates, to percentages, with the only hard numbers in a sub-category of “newly achieved” leadership ranks.
Here they are: http://www.doterratools.com/documents/2014_Opportunity_and_Earnings_Disclosure_Summary.pdf
In the paragraph directly below the pie chart, they report “more than a million” doTerra “Wellness Advocates.”
In the next paragraph, they report paying a commission check to “approximately 158,000” people throughout the world.
Then they say “a majority” earned enough to pay for a portion or all of their own product purchases.
So how do we turn all of those ambiguous numbers into something understandable?
We know that 158,000 made something…that’s out of “more than a million.” Our educated guess from their pie chart is that 158,000 is 15 percent of their “Wellness Advocates.”
What does “majority” mean? It could be 90 percent or 51 percent. We have to assume that it’s closer to 51 percent or they would say “more than two-thirds” or “vast majority” as they say for higher numbers.
So we have to assume we’re dealing with just over half of 15 percent of their advocates earned enough to pay for their oils. That’s somewhere just under 8 percent or 8 out of 100 advocates earning enough to pay for their oils, which we call “breaking even.”
But that just pays for oils…what if you want to earn an income to support a family?
The first chart on page two of doTerra’s 2014 earnings disclosure shows that “Silver Leaders” make on average $25,500 per year.
The federal poverty rate for a family of 4 in 2015 is $24,250.
http://aspe.hhs.gov/2015-poverty-guidelines
So how many advocates are at silver rank or higher? Instead of listing that directly, doTerra lists the number of “newly achieved” leaders in different ranks. The total number when those are added up: 2,871 advocates who rose at least one leadership rank in 2014.
The reported explosive growth of the company suggests that the “newly achieved” ranks represent more than half of all leaders, especially because the higher ranks are made up of people jumping from the lower ranks.
So we estimate 5,000 leaders averaging $25,500 a year or more, which is .5 percent of all members, or one in 200. And that’s if they had exactly one million advocates. Because they report “more than a million,” we are being generous with our one in 200 estimate.
Nu Skin
We don’t feature Nu Skin earnings numbers in our stories, but they are similar.
http://www.doterratools.com/documents/2014_Opportunity_and_Earnings_Disclosure_Summary.pdf
They say they had 80,613 active distributors in the U.S.
They paid $114,191,000 in total commissions to distributors in the U.S.
The average annual commission for an active distributor was $1,416.64
Dividing the average from the total equals 80,607, close enough to their number of 80,613.
Nu Skin’s “Ruby Executive” level marks the first distributor rank where a person starts earning enough to live on. The average annual income for Ruby Executives is $31,860.
Using their percentages, .56 percent of active distributors in the U.S. average $31,860 or more per year. Rounding up, that’s six in a thousand, or 3 in 500 making a living wage on Nu Skin commissions.
